Primary Factors Affecting Tourism Demand Tourism Essay

Primary Factors Affecting Tourism Demand Tourism Essay Primary factors affecting tourism demand are the economy with matters ranging from the exchange rate to job losses.Politics,the growth in size of the EU,environment and taxation.Crisis and threats including earth quakes,epidemics and terrorism.Demographic change with a shifting age structure,effects of migration and the rise of educational levels.Technology and it effects on transportation,communication and information.There is change in consumer attitudes and for the industry itself,product standardization,the growth of information channels,and pricing strategies. The realisation of deciding to have a holiday is dependent in large part on the individuals economic position and freedom to make the journey.External factors proving influential to this need would be freedom,fitness,time and money.The behaviour trend includes a host of factors including an internal state of mind relating to the motive and the capacity to make the journey.Emerging factors may be useful to examine as they will become somewhat predictable and constant in their evolution.Power relating to market concerns lies with the consumer.The prospective tourist. The enlargement of the EU is especially important.Its size has grown some 25%,its population by some 20% and the GDP by 5% over the years.The general process of political maturation spanning over twenty years has influenced changing tourism demand.Media coverage influences a seed bed of latent interest in the recently inaugurated members of the community.Most prospective travellers are now able to see the world as their oyster.The holiday destinations therefore have become intensely competitive.Yet barriers to immediate progress remain especially for the countries of Eastern Europe.Here low investment rates,undeveloped infrastructure for the countryside,a poor transport system with third rate hotels and cuisine are capped by weak tourism marketing. Image is a vital ingredient to the tourist destination.Their is prevailing ignorance of the new member countries.Destinations are chosen usually by motive matching.Here the enlargement of the EU has had remarkably little effect on the consumer,so it seems that only a transformation in marketing strategy management is going to improve matters.There will be significant change for the EU in source markets and the upswing of a rising welfare.The impulses undoubtedly come from the south and east with the traditional source markets such as Germany being saturated. Demographic considerations have made their appearance and are now featuring as a focus for online debates and deliberations.Society consists of an older population with increasing life expectancy;and there is a decline in the number of children because of an increased proportion of the population divorcing and living separately.Traditional family patterns are dissolving.Also becoming influential is a rise in educational levels,the changing role of women in society and a more vibrant society due to admixture from migratory patterns.Yet tourists,people,are not going to alter their travel behaviour as they turn 60 or because of retirement.Patterns are adhered to originating from earlier years.Because of this it is possible to cater for future requirements in tourism for such a population.The generation of ‘baby boomersis likely to be super active in their endeavour to satisfy themselves on prospective travel horizons.There will be senior trips accommodating to individual tailoring .Consider Germany as an example.The age group of 70-80 will rise more than 50% by 2018.Alterations of family numbers will become slow in maturation but this allows the industry to maintain orientation and supply a strong focus for needs and expectations of destination.Older people are becoming increasingly involved with their younger forebears and this will require adjustment.Factors to consider here are higher spending,longer stays,and other destination choices.The kids trip being a standard incurs its own behaviour pattern.More flight trips and usage of more tour operators.Playmates will be needed so this is another feature that the destination will have to meet.It is clear therefore that the changing nature of demography has impacts that will reflect in tourism demand. The very important pre-trip phase involving the search for information and deciding upon the tourism product has as an emerging factor the skilled consumer with low involvement.This situation has produced interchangeable products.Distinctions of destination and tour operator is not a contentious issue with information overload these days.What happens to us all is an agreeable solution.Just a number of aspects for the required products from a few information sources.Arguing is not necessary and therefore the position is that of ‘low involvement.And so the actual position is that of convenience together with experience helping ones orientation;variety being a feature which of course is sought by everyone.Our personal experiences and emotional banks have now become part of the product on offer promised by the producer. Price orientation has become a dominant feature.This has been induced by strategy within the industry.The selling of quality trips for remarkably low prices in the hope of higher market shares is likely to result in a high turnover with probably a lower profit.But convenience and product quality rank with the consumer and so the phenomenon of induced price orientation continues to spiral.Yet it is the consumer who is more flexible than the industry itself.If one destination doesnt turn out as I expected I can go to another.I dont honestly have too much fancy for flying so I take the train or road network.There is contingency with the availability of an alternative even if more inconvenient;I can still get there.Consuming,drinking is fun not a necessity.There is no sense of lack because everything now is available on the market.But this means it becomes impractical to predict individual behaviour,yet it is becoming an importance to have at ones disposal as far as the industry is conce rned the most accurate figures possible.Such market conditions,with decidedly knowledgeable consumers and vast resources in the field are presenting a serious challenge to the marketing departments.The problem has become even more intense and difficult;with globalization and a computer based technology tending to incline to standardization but tourism demand and products are becoming more differentiated and fragmentized.There are winter sports,field trips and holidays for the family.Expectations involve both quality and difference.With such standardization and differentiation this imposes more pressure without; in effect guaranteeing an increased demand or turn-over. Without the consumer the service industries along with tourism go nowhere.This fact relates not only tourism but for any policies to do with tourism.Destinations have to become switched on,alerted, to realise they have become truly involved with intense competition.It is not sufficient simply to have a reliable product or for the consumer to realise this.There has to be the correct placement with the correct set and shrewd judgement is required for doing so.Here travel operators and agencies can assist in the phenomenon of the information overload providing well-timed guidance and convenience within the information jungle.Yet the politics involved has to pinpoint inconsistency and contradictions within the set of proposed objectives and establish solutions and priorities.Financial support should be discriminative here not everybody necessarily being acceptable as to the validity of following such objectives.Social balance of resources may be variable and indeed there could be a widen ing gap developing but tourism does require a broad base of comfortable incomed people with time and money.Any kind of vision is going to accomodate pan-european,national,regional and local needs.All the different levels of destination and industry segmentation will have to be linked somehow. There are two categories of circumstances requiring priority of action.Either supply exceeds demand or the opposite of demand exceeding supply.Strategies adopted are tailored to meet circumstances arising either on a daily,weekly,seasonal or a long term basis.With demand being low either at below capacity or only at certain periods there is a variety of strategy engaged.Product modification and diversification with adjustment of distribution channels if needs be to strengthen.There has to be identification of alternative or even new sources of demand and price discounting.Reappraisal of promotional strategy.An example of the application of all these would be the Caribbean destinations responding to low levels of occupancy during a summer period.VFR is promoted to domiciles as the holidays usually fall within the summer period.While casinos as attractions are being promoted on some of the islands within the group. Another condition is the necessity to reduce costs because it is not possible to increase the desired demand factor.To reduce fixed and variable costs in the hotel sector for example it may be necessary not only to reduce the rooms available but whole wings or even the hotel itself.Again this is prevalent in the Caribbean.Airlines can reduce plane quota available or rent them to other companies. Redistribution becomes necessary as the demand for a product is no longer self-sustaining.Converting factors for hotels might consist of fusing two rooms into one or the provision of no-smoking rooms.Conventional hotel rooms are being transformed into time-share units being an example of long-term adaptive strategy.Or for the airline industry the conversion of scheduled flights into charter itineries.These are examples of adaptive supply redistribution. When demand exceeds capacity additional charging for such resources incurs increased pricing for seating or rooms so gaining extra revenue per unit.Theme parks with ever increasing clientele but negative impaction can resort themselves to significantly higher entrance charges. Then,responding to higher demand level, destination management may expand the current capacity factor.The hotels again being an example with additional infrastructure being acquired.Cot facilities are often available to increase the room capacity.Portable accommodation in the southern hemisphere is quite attractive and popular.Resort communities in the slack season make use of their surveillance staff to accommodate for the daily and weekly pattern of demands by supplying patrolled beaches. The Caribbean again may be referred to as an example of the transference of demand at times of excess to periods of low demand.Differential seasonal pricing is an attempt to redistribute demand following from a high winter demand to a low summer one. Accomodation forms an integral part of the tourist destination.The range is wide.From five-star luxury apartments to bed and breakfast;but all contributing to the experience of the destination.So the accommodation sector is a vital element in the supply of services and products to the tourist. Supply of accommodation with easy access and amenities contribute to the pulling influence of the destination,its attraction;the only limitation being that of ones own personal budgeting which at times might well be variable.The concept of relative value becomes therefore a primary consideration for finalisation of destination choice for the prospective tourist.Income levels rule the volume of demand whereas relative prices will determine actual choice of such a destination.Exchange rates apart from cost format will influence price levels so if the dollar proves to be stronger compared with European currencies then more US visitors will appear in Europe because it is cheaper.With floating exchange rates this proves not to be so influential as in the past.Complications are bound to arise and it is therefore generally the case that volume for demand is linked to real income levels, real discretionary income.Precisely, it is elasticity of demand regarding income and how the exchange rat es effect on prices influences this. The exchange rate itself reflects the general well-being of the country concerned.Yet what constitutes economic data for the country involved has little meaning to the tourist who actually is only interested in relative prices for consumption items e.g.accomodation,shopping etc.Attempts are effected to install a ‘value-for-money concept whereby tour operators for example cost such items as bottle of wine to provide a means of comparison with the purchase of like items within the home country.This concept of value-for-money is useful regarding holiday expenditure.Affluent countries such as France and Britain have significant tourist outflows to quite poor countries such as Greece and Portugal. Quality of amenities at the host destination including accommodation will influence demand.A certain aggregate of tourists will have to be present for a sufficiently powerful stimulus to further the demand flow.There should be a range of attractions for a certain degree of market differentiation to be existent. With the all-inclusive tour the actual nature of the decision making process has changed;effectively the tour operator becomes the interpreter and coordinator of demand.Their specialised knowledge proves to be particularly useful here.Markets are known to exist for a certain price banding.As noted in this report the potential tourist is becoming exceedingly knowledgeable about such matters in some instances being able to displace such a function. It has become necessary to examine tourist motivation over a period of time.Only partial explanations are expected in a field strewn with inconsistencies.Essentially the reason(s) for motivation must revolve around a persons personal preference,experience and the social and economic circumstances.Hopefully the understanding of tourist motivation will enable us to realise why it is that some destinations hold a heightened attraction compared to others and why decline occurs with changing tastes and fashions providing a greater knowledge of the world and its requirements than was so for earlier industry forecasting. BIBLIOGRAPHY: Cooper,C et al (2005) Tourism:Principles and practice.FT Prentice Hall Page S. (2006) Tourism Management: Managing for Change Butterworth-Heinemann Tribe John (1995) The Economics Of Leisure And Tourism.Butterworth-Heinemann Weaver D and Oppermann M (2000) Tourism Management. John Wiley Holloway JC. (2006) The Business of Tourism

Bruce Springsteens Born In The Usa Music Essay

Bruce Springsteens Born In The Usa Music Essay My pod cast is about Bruce Springsteens song Born in the U.S.A. written and performed by himself in 1984. Taken from the album of the same name, it is one of his best-known singles.Magazine Rolling Stone'(ikona) ranked the song 275th on their list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time in 2001. It is a verse-chorus song played in 120 bpm for 112 bars in 4/4. Without any modulations the key signature is 5 sharps so we are in B major scale. There are some changes in the form as we going in the middle part of the song, the third chorus is instrumental, verse number 4 has three lines of lyrics and verse number 5 has only 2 lines instead of 4. Harmony rhythm performance According to Springsteen (Ikona), Born In The USA was one of those songs that came out of nowhere and took very little time to record. It was a bit ironic, then, that his biggest hit ever, was one of the most musically simplistic tunes the band ever produced. Born in the USA is revealed with its very first notes, which unveil the two key elements that will drive the entire song: a synthesizer previews the vocal melody of the iconic chorus, while Max Weinbergs (ikona tou) drums lay down a hard-driving, straight-ahead beat. Weinberg said that The percussion work at the outset of the song, might almost be called caveman drumming. A thunder crack snare drum underscores one of the most catchy intros ever with Weinberg simply taking a ferocious whack at the snare drum on beats 2 and 4. About a minute into the track, Weinberg finally kicks in, adding chaotic fills as the song developsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Whatever he does he never stops crashing snare hits on 2 and 4 remain the songs steady rhythmic essence right through to the end. The drum solo towards the end of the song was completely improvised. Drummer Max Weinberg said that the band was recording in an oval-shaped studio, with the musicians separated into different parts. Springsteen at the front, suddenly turned towards to him after singing and waved his hands in the air frantically, to signal drumming. Roy Bittans (ikona) synthesizers arent much more subtle than Weinbergs excellent work on the drums. I said, Roy, get this riff!. He just pulled out that sound on the synthesizer . We played it two times and our second take is the record. Springsteen. No matter what else is going on in the song- whether Weinberg is banging away only on the backbeat or filling in the beat, whether the bass and guitars are wailing away or holding quiet, whether Springsteen is singing verses or chorus or nothing at all, Bittans synthesizers are repeating the same five notes, over and over again, Echoing almost exactly the vocal melody of the chorus(ikona 1,2), humming the iconic tune from the songs very first note. (ikona)The combination of Weinbergs drumming and Bittans mesmerizing synth line , made this song so powerful and unforgettable and that is my last point, Born in the USA may be one of the least interesting, or at least, one of the least complex, musical compositions E Street Band ever wrote, but the simple, hard-charging instrumentation provided by Springsteen perfectly matches with his almost screaming vocals with the great meaning of his misunderstood lyrics. . (ikona me to refren) Part 1 kai dio Melody(ikones) Continuing with the melody we can see that it is stable all the time as the vocal line starts and ends every time in the 3rd or the 5th interval of the key both for verses and choruses.(ikones) Second part On the other hand it is noteworthy to have a look in the background and the affects of this song to the listeners. Born In The USA, the title track of Springsteens mega-selling album(ikona), was much misunderstood. Accused at the same time of being repulsively nationalistic, and viciously Anti-American, the track was endorsed by many conservative politicians of the united states and the prime minister, Ronald Reagan(ikona tou), as an exemplar of classic American values whilst the bitter lyrics actually cast a shameful eye on how America treated its Vietnam veterans. Bruce Springsteen received a Kennedy Center Honor on the 7th of December 2009 by the president of the US Barrack Obama who stated: , Im the president, but hes The Boss.(kona) According to Springsteen a lot of people, think at the beginning, that its a rallying call for the flag and the nation and patriotism, and when you start to listen to the message in the song you realize theres another meaning going on in there. (IKONA TOU) Heres a small part of Glen Becks radio network on March 11, 2010, talking about Born in the usa (ixos ikona) Who could imagine that Springsteens trademark song has also been his most misunderstood Springsteen also explained the origin of the title, In 1981 director Paul Schrader (ikona tou) sent me a script called Born in the U.S.AHe wanted me to come up with some music for the film. But the script sat on my writing table until one day I was singing a new song I was writing called Vietnam. I looked over and sang off the top of Pauls cover page, I was born in the U.S.A. Lyrics Ok. Now Lets have a quick thought about the meaning of some lyrics. Born down in a dead mans town The first line of the song is about Bruce springsteens town Long Branch in New Jersey which by the 80s Was one of the dead mans towns, because of the collapse of the industrial economy And the economical depress they were suffering So they put a rifle in my hand Sent me off to a foreign land To go and kill the yellow man Those lines referred to those soldiers who were forced to go to Vietnam and fight for their country without being proud for it. Come back home to the refinery Hiring man says Son if it was up to me Returning to America, the soldiers were spat upon and hated for doing what they were forced to do. Vietnam Veterans Committee in US declares that, Today, one-third of the homeless are Vietnam vets Went down to see my V.A. man He said Son, dont you understand I had a brother at Khe Sahn fighting off the Viet Cong Theyre still there, hes all gone He had a woman he loved in Saigon I got a picture of him in her arms now In those lines we can find the reason why springsteen wrote a song about the Vietnam. Too many people lost their lives, too many people injured for no reason .Khe Sahn was a small village and the site of one of the bloodiest battles of the Vietnam War. VA are the initials for Veterans administration which was the responsible agency for providing healthcare and benefits to ex-soldiers. Down in the shadow of the penitentiary Out by the gas fires of the refinery Im ten years burning down the road Nowhere to run aint got nowhere to go From these lines bruce springsteen wants to pass the message that nobody who has survived the Vietnam war manage to build his live again. Last line sets up a contrast with one of his earlier hits, Born to Run. The album was recorded on analog master tapes, and initially issued on both LP and cassette. The first version of that song was solo acoustic guitar demo at Springsteens home on 3rd of January, 1982 as part of the Nebraska album released later that year. However Springsteens manager and producer Jon Landau couldnt match the lyrics to the music with the rest of Nebraskas material so they decided for a revival of the song in 1982 with the E street band with completely different melody line and musical structure. Despite the fact that Discs previously had been imported from Japan, Born in the U.S.A. became the first compact disc manufactured in the United States by CBS Records in Indiana in September 1984. The album gained additional support from the fact of Springsteen having several singles on the charts at the time. The album spent 84 weeks on the Top 10.

Propaganda And Its Uses By Countries, Especially During War Essay

Propaganda and Its Uses By Countries, Especially During War In order to gain the support of the public, countries use propaganda. During the Gulf War, Saddam Hussein and George Bush used propaganda to gain the support of their respective public. Propaganda was everywhere. It was on the radio and television and it brought the war into millions of homes. Propaganda was a vital part of the Gulf War because it provided the US and Iraq with the support of their public. Propaganda is always geared towards the populace claiming that the other country is the oppressor. The truth is often stretched or even fabricated to garner a public outcry for justice. The real truth, however, is very difficult to distinguish from fiction.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The blame is often pushed to towards the other country. Iraq claimed that they were the victims and that the United States was the aggressor. Hussein declared that they had been victimized by Kuwait. According to Iraq, they had to pay back money that they did not have and Kuwait was responsible for the cutback on healthcare and other vital services. Since Kuwait voted against raising the price of oil, Iraq was unable to receive any revenue. It was because of this that Iraq invaded Kuwait. The United States claimed that Iraq was the aggressor. In the American media, Iraqi tanks were shown to enter a defenseless Kuwait amidst destroyed buildings. The American public was convinced that their troops were only there to protect and that...

US-Latin America Essay -- Politics, Dominican Republic

During the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, the United States was the most dominant power in the Western Hemisphere. European nations conceded to the United States their right of any intervention in the Western Hemisphere and allowed the United States to do whatever they wanted. The United States took this newly bestowed power and abused it. The United States intervened in many Latin American countries and imposed their policies on to these countries against their will. A perfect example of this aggression is what occurred in the Dominican Republic in 1904. The United States intervened in this sovereign nation and took control of their economy and custom houses. A memorandum from Francis B. Loomis, the United States Assistant Secretary of State, to the Secretary of States illustrates the United States’ goals, interests, attitudes and assumptions in the Dominican Republic and how the United States policy makers felt towards Latin America during this time period. The United States had a wide variety of goals and interests in the Dominican Republic and in Latin America. In the Dominican Republic, Americans were heavily invested in the Dominicans’ industries. Americans invested in an area of six million dollars just in the Sugar industry alone (Loomis 2). And â€Å"the total American investments in the Dominican Republic of an important and active sort are estimated to be worth about twenty million dollars (Loomis 2). Also, many American citizens owned and operated many vast and major plantations and railroads in the Dominican Republic. American citizens’ owned and operated 60 miles of important line of railway (Loomis 3). Also at Sosua, the American company, United Fruit Company owned some twenty thousand acres of land which... ...l power in Latin American. The United States didn’t engage in classic direct imperialism which is colonialism, but engage in indirect imperialism which focused on controlling and intervening in the economic and social institutions of Latin America. The United States only cared for their economic well-being. They didn’t care the suffering the people of Latin America were going through. The United States only cared that their economic interests were thriving in Latin America. The policies the United States government undertook clearly show this. The policies of Roosevelt’s corollary and Taft’s dollar diplomacy only mention the United States’ interests. There is nothing about the Latin American’s interests and well-being. Many people suffered because of the United States’ policy that only supported and protected the rich and powerful corporations.

Young Adults in Macomb County :: Friendships Relationships Essays

Young Adults in Macomb County I've only known a lot of the people I hang out with for about two years. I've kept a few of the old ones that I've known since I was little but now my friends are always changing. That's what happens when you get older, people change and move on. Hopefully I'll hang on to the ones I have now better than I have in the past and make some new ones along the way. It's really weird how everything started. I didn't go to school with the people I hang out with. My best friend Jacki and I decided to go miniature golfing one day and it all began. There were six really slow guys in front of us, we didnà ­t want to talk to them but they were going really slow so we just asked them to hurry up. As we started talking we found out that they knew a kid named Ryan that Jacki worked with. Through Ryan we ended up seeing them again. Eventually we started hanging out with the rest of their friends and everyone became a regular part of my life. I'm standing outside, making sure to ring the top doorbell, the one to Chris' basement. After ten minutes I'm about to leave but Nick comes strolling up to the door just as I turn around. Nick doesn't live there even though it seems like he does because he never leaves. We both walk down into the basement. It smells like his dog. The lights are off and the only thing that keeps me from bumping into the furniture is the glow from the television. The usual people are there, Chris is sitting on the couch next to Tengler, Jeremy is sleeping on his bed and Nick is playing Mario Golf on Nintendo 64. I walk to the big green couch that I always sit on, it smells like dog food. After five minutes of no one saying anything the doorbell rings. Since no one seems to be making any effort to move toward the stairs I decide to answer the door. It's Stephanie and Christina. Trevor and DeMatteis are pulling up in the driveway right behind them. We all walk into the basement. Everyone wa nts something to do.

Ethical Theories Within the Film “Crimes and Misdemeanors” Essay

In the final scene of the movie Crimes and Misdemeanors, I believe the fictional philosopher Louse Levy’s message was very similar to philosophy Jean-Paul Sartre and his theory on existentialism. One of Sartre’s quotes, â€Å"Man is nothing else but that which he makes of himself.† Levy is trying to convey that we are in control of our choices and we choose our own happiness. In the final scene of the film Levy states, â€Å"We’re all faced throughout our lives with making conscience moral decisions. Some are on a grander scale than others, but we define ourselves by the choices we have made. We are, in fact, the sum total of our choices.† So when Levy’s character states, â€Å"most human beings seem to have the ability to keep trying and find joy from simple things†, this is based on our choices. We decide to be happy or sad. Because we as human beings have the ability to think rationally or ill-rationally, our minds have the capacity to feel emotions, to dream up, or cognitively entertain, a mind-based reality of happiness. One of the survival tactics as human beings is our ability to strive for happiness; and once a level of happiness is achieved there is always a need for more; it is a never ending pursuit of happiness. Our happiness should also be achieved without pain. Ever though we strive for this happiness there is no methodical way to obtain happiness or does the sense of happiness always become achieved. I believe this viewpoint is heavily reflected throughout the movie, Crimes and Misdemeanors. I think all the characters in the movie are striving and hoping for happiness but I think the only character who truly achieves the ultimate happiness would be Rabbi Ben. The role of GOD in establishing ethical values and whether the world would be valueless if GOD didn’t exist is displayed throughout this movie. Rabbi Ben (Sam Waterston) leads a moral life throughout the film and he ends up blind, but he can dance with his daughter with a clear conscience. The irony about this character is he fails to see in the real world yet he has strong spiritual vision. His detachment from mundane concerns, and emphasize on what is real and meaningful – a life devoted to GOD. The ideas that only by blinding oneself to reality can one live a meaningful life devoted to GOD. The symbolism of blindness seems to have a connection to a blind universe indifferent to any sense of justice. In fact all of the religious characters in Crimes and Misdemeanors suffer from impaired vision and are portrayed wearing glasses. This may represent their inability to  see the true nature of reality and the understanding of true happiness. I feel all of the characters in this film reflect the viewpoint of hope and the desire to achieve happiness without pain; it is just the choices, consequences or motive of their actions that is misguided. We make consequentialist decisions regarding our actions to separate the morally right from wrong which leads us to our ultimate goal of happiness. But what determines if an action is moral right or wrong? Stuart Mill’ theory on, â€Å"The Principle of Utility†, views the consequences that arise from the action to determine the moral worth of an action; the best decisions result in good consequences for the largest number of people. He also believes that happiness equal pleasure; the actions are morally right to the extent that they produce lots of pleasure. Other theorists like Immanuel Kant, who takes a deontology approach on the intention or motive of the action. He believes that our actions are morally right only if we can apply them universally. I feel the character Lester (Alan Alda), displays the theories of Jean Paul Sartre and Friedrich Nietzsche. He’s a successful television producer with a pompous attitude. His character takes charge of his own destiny. He knows what he wants and goes after it. His Will to Power is great and sets no limitations on what he can achieve throughout this film. There are a few characters in Crimes and Misdemeanor who strive for the hope of happiness but fall short. The main character, Judah Rosenthal (Martin Landau) this character is a successful ophthalmologist who achieves short-term happiness in a two year affair with a woman named Dolores (Anjelicia Huston). When Dolores threatens tell his wife of there affair his moral structure is threaten he feels as if his entire universe becomes meaningless. But, by the end of the film Judah make peace with himself and finds that he commits a crime and gets away with it. He is only implicated to his own moral consciousness. In reality, hope i s the worst of all evils, because it prolongs the torments of man. FRIEDRICH NIETZSCHE, Human, All-too-Human The second character that falls short of achieving happiness would be Clifford Stern (Wood Allen); this character is a small-time film maker hired by his brother-in-law Lester to produce a documentary about his life and work. Clifford dislikes Lester as well as his marriage to Lester’s sister  Wendy (Joann Gleason). While filming this documentary Cliff falls in love with Lester’s associate producer, Halley Reed (Mia Farrow). However Cliff’s efforts to woo Halley fail and in the end Wendy chooses to be with Lester. This gives proof that good doesn’t always prosper over evil. The comment by Halley after learning about Levy’s death she says, â€Å"No matter how elaborate a philosophical system you work out, in the end it’s got to be incomplete.† I believe it is the selfish needs, constant change, as well as the desires of human beings that allow people to choose right from wrong and good from bad. It is all about wants over needs. I believe Halley didn’t initially want Lester it was his constant appeal to the things that she needed which gave her pleasure that won her over. Not the roses because she was allergic, but the caviar and his influence and power. I believe that the universe is in fact indifferent. However, if there is no GOD, there can be no objective standards of right and wrong. All we are confronted with is â€Å"the bare valueless fact of existence† (Jean-Paul Sartre). This is probably what Rabbi Ben meant during the film when he said, â€Å"Without the law, it’s all darkness, and, â€Å"You Judah see the world as harsh and empty of value and pitiless.† Rabbi Ben states, how he couldn’t not exist without moral structure-with real meaning-with forgiveness and some kind of higher power. Also during the climax of the film Judah concludes that â€Å"GOD is a luxury that he can’t afford† and arranges for Dolores-mistre ss (Angelica Houston) to be murdered. Afterwards, in a state of despair he visits his childhood home and recreates in his mind a Passover Seder from his youth. Judah’s atheist Aunt May (Anna Berger) and religious father Sol, is an exploration of the relationship between morality and GOD and the problem of morality in a godless universe. Aunt May takes the position of the atheist and moral relativist in the ensuring debate as she envisions a cruel and godless world with no objectives standards of good and evil and no moral purposes behind human reality. Aunt May believes individuals justify their actions as they wish: â€Å"For those who want morality there’s morality. Nothings handed down in stone.† Aunt May argues that in a world where everything is permissible, there is nothing to stop an individual from committing murder other than their own conscience. â€Å"And I say, if he can do it, and get away with it, and chooses not be bothered by the ethics, then he’s home free.† We live in a universe where our moral ethics between right and wrong are greatly  unbalanced. A world where the good suffer, the bad prosper and no greater power will ever rectify this which is a sad consequence. It is really hard to establish a basic moral or ethical system for human beings because we are so indiff erent of each other. We have for example the Bible or the Koran, but, like Aunt May state in the film, â€Å"For those who want morality there’s morality.† [Also in the final scene of the film Judah draws Cliff into a supposedly hypothetical discussion that draws upon his morals. Judah says that with time, any crisis will pass; but Cliff morosely claims instead that one is forever fated to bear ones burdens for â€Å"crimes and misdemeanors†] Wikipedia. We battle daily for justice. All we can do as human beings is to hope for happiness try to utilize our own moral ideas and meaningful values to again hopeful influence our lives and to reflect upon future generations. References â€Å"Crimes and Misdemeanors (Philosophical Films).† Crimes and Misdemeanors (Philosophical Films). N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Mar. 2013. â€Å"Crimes and Misdemeanors: The Final Scene.† YouTube. YouTube, 04 Feb. 2009. Web. 30 Mar. 2013. â€Å"Crimes and Misdemeanors.† Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 29 Mar. 2013. Web. 30 Mar. 2013. â€Å"Existentialism Is a Humanism Quotes.† By Jean-Paul Sartre. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Mar. 2013. IMDb. IMDb.com, n.d. Web. 30 Mar. 2013. â€Å"The Journal of Religion and Popular Culture.† The Journal of Religion and Popular Culture. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Mar. 2013. http://phil.uregina.ca/vancha/Litch-chp6.pdf

Should Medicaid and HMOs Be Allowed to Join Forces

First of all what is the definition of cost efficiency and quality or improvement quality? This is mainly looked at the cost per unit of output, when it comes to health care then one must measure the cost, I believe that to have an efficient Medicaid program we must have one that has better outcome for a given level of spending, it must be assessed by comparing spending and also the outcome of Medicaid programs. Hmos has the most restrictive form of health insuarance, whereby they restrict their subscribers choices to doctors and hospital in their networks,I think if the hmos join forces it would help if at first they are given choices of at least two or three hmos to choose from ,in return this should help Medicaid /medicare patient s have a choice of choosing their provider. Alot of states have contractwithprivate insurers to enroll medicaind recipients in managed care plans, this is to help reduce the expenses and also trying to the coordination care. From different website I found out that Medicaid hmo provide solidhealthcoverage, some have motivated Medicaid plans,which in return improve the care,butin reality majority ofmedicaid HMOs do not report comprehensive performance results that tends to be campaired accress the country in return this leaves the tax payers with a lack of objectives. I think what the plans need to do is to start planning and also reporting thoroughly so as to pay a the consummers and taxpayers better. I still believe that the physicians are participating less and less when it comes to mandatory HMO program for Medicaid beneficiaries, As we know traditional medicare HMO are very similar to the medicare managed care that exsisted before..